Oil burning device



Jul 14, 1942.

v H; H. SAUNDERS OIL BURNING DEVICE Filed Oct. 14, 1938 INVENTOR BYPatented July 14, L942 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 01L BURNING DEVICEHenry Horton Saunders, Newtown, Conn.

Application October 14, 1938, Serial No. 234,875

This invention relates to oil burning devices, more particularly such asare used for water heaters, stoves, cook stoves, space heaters, portableroom heaters, etc., and. has for an object to improvethe combustion tosecure greater eii'lciency, or to complete the combustion with a minimumof odor and free carbon in the'flnal products of combustion. Itcomprises primarily a wall of non-combustible material surrounding theburner or combustion chamber having a highly- .heat reflecting surfacetoward the burner or combustion chamber to reduce the radiation of heatlaterally from the burner and to increase the temseveral types of oilburners or combustion apparatus with my invention'applied thereto, these{beingshown by way of example, as it will be understood the sameprinciple and improvement combustion devices. f In this I drawingz.

section through one type is 'avertical section of a wick type 01' foil'fbi'i'ifner usingf a chimney and forming a blue flame burnenand witlrmyimprovement applied through a'sleeve type appliedto aspace or room"heater it isadapted 'ior'use" in water heaters, boilers,"ffurnaces,etc.

It-comprises'a pot having a. side wall 5 surrounded by an airfspacefiand having perforations I for flow offair irom .this space into thecombustion space 8 withinthe pot. There is also preferably atop wall? Inextending inwardly from the'top "a-y' be applied to other types ofburners and at I8 is bright and highly heat reflecting. This brighthighly heat reflecting surface may be formed in a number of differentways. It may be formed by making the wall ii of metal having a highlypolished heat reflecting surface or the wall l6 may be made of any ofthe usual materials such for example as sheet iron and have an innerlining of highly polished heat resisting and heat reflecting. metal. Thewall or" heat reflecting inner surface l6 may be provided on the wallitself by polishing, or plating or coating" the surface as byeiectroiysis or spraying of of thewall 51 any desired distance leaving acentral opening ll into the combustion or heating chamber 12'. f a

Qil is fed from any suitable source of supply, notsho'wn, through apipel3 and passage I! to the bottom of the pot, where upon the'applicationof a flame the oil is vaporized, mixes with air supplied through the.sides of the pot and burns, or-if preferred a small amount of wicking itmay be provided to become saturated with oil and ignited for startingthe burner. The outer wall or the air space 6 is formed by an uprightwall it, the air entering the space 6 at its lower end ll. The innersurface of this wall indicated molten metal or other material, or aseparate thin layer of the bright metal may be applied to the inner sideof wall IE, or other heat resisting and reflecting material may beapplied to this wall.

Below the bottom wall I9 of the pot there may be a reflector plate 20having a similar bright heat reflecting surface 2|. Thewall l6 and thechamber l2 may be surrounded by an external casing 22 forming an airspace, 23 open at the bottom for entrance of air to be heated asindicated. at 24, the heated air passing outthrough the top throughsuitableopenings 25 in atop 26 on the casing. The finalproductsofcombustion from the chamber l2 may be led ,to a suitableflueor chimney by a pipe 21. The wall l0 atthe top of the pot also mayhave openings 28 from the air heating space 6 to the combustion spaceabove the wall .I II to further fawithin the space, 8-or above the wallIII or both depending on the rate or supply of oil to the p Upon theapplication of flame oil is vaporized at-the bottom of the pot above thewall l9, mixes with-air in the pot and burns. As the combustioncontinuesthe surfaces of thepot including the walls 5 and I8 and the topwall l0become heated causing increased vaporization of the fuel supply. Draftdraws air in through the holes in the shell 5. This air mixes with theoil vapors and the combustion continues. The flame is present inthe potor above the pot or both according to the amount of the fuel supply. The

flnal products of combustion pass out through of air to be heated tosupport the walls l6 conserving the heat to be used at or above theoutlet from the pot through the wall III. This highly reflecting surfacealso maintalns'an increased temperature in the space 5, more highlyheating the air supply through this space before it passes through theholes I in the shell 5. This highly reflecting surface also in.- creasesthe temperature of the shell supplying additional heat to the airpassing through the holes therein. The highly reflecting surface 2|below the bottom wall l9 reflects heat to this bottom-wall causingquicker and more complete vaporization of the oil. When used in stoves,furnaces and the like the reflecting wall l8 reduces the heat in space23 immediately around the burner, oflering'less interference with thecirculation of air into the upper part of this heating space around thechamber l2 and increasing theover all efficiency of the unit. Thishighly reflecting surface reflects heat back toward the pot and thecombustion" space thus greatly increasing the temperature of the mixtureof air and vapors over the ordinary type of burner, giving much betterand more complete combustion with higher combustiontemperatures,reducing to a minimum odors and incom pletely burned carbon .or otherelements in the final products of combustion. This constructionburnerwith a chimney, The wick is indicated at 23 in the space between twoshells and 3| to which 011 is supplied through a pipe 32 from anysuitable source of supply not shown. Surrounding the upper end of thiswick is a bame wall 33 forming an air passage 34 between this wall andthe wick open at its lower end 35 for entrance of air. Surrounding thisbattle and spaced therefrom 'and extending upwardly a govtc -'generallyknown as the sleeve type blue flame.

suitable distance above the same is a chimney 33, the inner surface 31of which is a bright highly heat reflecting surface which may be formedin any of the ways suggested for providing the bright heat reflectingsurfaceilt of the device ofFig. 1. The connecting wall 33 between thischimney and the baflie 33 has-air inlet opene .Sings 39 leading to thespace '40 between these elements. The upper wall of the chimneyisusually inclined inwardly somewhat as shown at 4| to. provide a somewhatreduced outlet opening ing a passage 43 for entrance of heated air andoil vapors into the combustion space '41. The sleeve 43 may besupportedin any suitable way. In the present showing it is mountedon a transverserod 43 mounted in.the wall 3|. The lower end of the passage 49 withinthe wall 3| and the sleeve 33 is open at its lower end for inward flowcombustion on passing through the openings 45.

Upon the application of the flame oil .is vaporized at 46 at the upperend of the wick. This vapor mixes with theair' entering throughpaspassage 49 and the sleeve 43 which rises to the v .42. The highlyheat reflecting surface 31 may or ing and reflecting the heat back tothe wick and combustion spaces 46 and 41. It conserves the heat to beused at or above the outlet 42 and maintains a higher combustiontemperature in the space 41. By reflecting heat to the wick chamber andthe sleeve 43 the temperature in this'wick chamber and sleeve is raised,causing the air supply to become hotter, and causing quicker and morecomplete vaporization of the oil, thus causing more complete and quickercombustion of the oil and air mixture at 46. Heat is radiated to thispoint by the bright reflecting surface maintaining the temperature ofthe flame to its complete combustion,

By this construction and arrangement the combustion eflicienc is raisedcreating higher temperatures above the outlet 42 with a minimum of odorand free carbon in the final products of combustion, This'bumer isadapted for use for cook stoves, portable room heaters, water heaters, e

In Fig. 3 is shown'another'type of burner or perforated shell burner. Itis adapted for use in cook stoves, portable room heaters, water heaters,etc. and also forall range burners. It comprises one or more spacedperforated shells 5| and 52 with a combustion space 53 between them anda wick 54 at the lower part of this space. This may be a short annularwick in a trough at the lower end of this space, or'it may be adeeperwick of the type shown in the drawing extending into an oilchamber between the shells 55 and 56 to which oil is supplied from anysuitable source of supply, not shown, by the pipe 51. The shells 5| and52 may be supported in the usual mannen'but in the present case areshown as mounted on shoulders on the flanges 53- and is at the upperedges .of the. shells 55 and 55.

Spaced from and surrounding the outer shell 514s a cylinder or casing 30having ahighly polished or highly heat reflecting surface 3|, which maybe the surface of the casing or applied thereto or otherwise formed inany of the ways suggested for forming the heat reflecting surface l3 ofthe device of Fig. 1. There may be a lower wall 32 at the lower end'ofthe'space 63 between the shell 52 and the casing which has airinletopenings 34, There may also be an inwardly inclinedtop' wall 35 atthe upper end of the flectingsurface 3| may be. extended tovcover theinnersurface of this top wall. The inner passage 81 through the wickchamber may be open at its lower end'for the entrance ofair passingthrough the inner side of'the shell 5| and sup plying airto theperforations in the shell. Witha in this shell and spaced a suitabledistance therefrom and forming an air inlet and combustion passage 33 ispreferably located a drum is provided on its'outer surface facing theshell 52- with a bright heat reflecting surface It similar to thesurface 5| .on the inner'wall of the casing 63. The shell, and the.drumtil may be mounted in any suitable manner, but in the present caseare shown as mounted on transverse rods II and 72 passing through theshells 5i and 52.

In this construction the heat vaporizes the oil from the wick in thelower part of the passage 53. The oil vapors and air are mixed in thispassage between the shells 5| and 52. The mix- ..ture being in contactwith these sl. ll surfaces.

combustion will take place, and if the shells are raised to a propertemperature these shells will become catalysts thus further assisting inthe combustion, If the shells are raised to a sufflciently hightemperature the combustion is complete and there is a minimum ofdisagreeable odors and free carbon present'in the products ofcombustion. The bright reflective surface 6| reduces heat radiation fromthe shell 60 conserving and increasing the heat to be used at and abovethe outlet 86, and the combustion temperature of the space 53 ismaintained at a higher point. 'By reflecting heat back from the surfaces5!. and 10 toward its source the temperature of the source is raised anda higher temperature, is maintained at the shells 5| and 52, and in thespace 53. Also, the air supply through the spaces 53 and 68 is morehighly heated giving it a higher temperature before being mixed with theoil vapors thus still further increasing the temperature of combustion.Furthermore the vaporizing chamber at the lower part of the space 53 andthe wick chamber are heated to a higher degree causing a quicker andbetter vaporization of the oil, and such vapor being hotter burns fasterand more completely. Under the topwall 85 from its inner surface 8| heatis radiated to the rising flame maintaining its temperature to itscomplete combustion.

By the aboveconstruction and arrangement the combustion eiflciency: israised, creating higher temperatures at and above the outlet 65, withtheresult that there is greater heating efllciency and there' is aminimum of odors and free carbon in the final products of combustion.

-A similar result is secured by the'higher heat reflecting surface inall of the forms shown, and it will be evident the same result can besecured by supplying such surface about other types of toward the zoneof combustion in said chamberf H 3. In a combustion apparatus of thecharacter described, an upright burner chamber, means for supplying oilto the lower part of said chamber to be vaporized therein, means forsupplying air tothe oil v'aporfor combustion thereof, andan upright wallsurrounding said chamber having a surface of non-combustible materialand which is bright and highly heat reflecting arranged to reflect heatback toward said chamber at the zone of combustion.

4. In a combustion apparatus, an oil burner comprising a pot closed atthe bottom and having a perforated side wall, means for supplying oil tothe bottom of the pot, an upright wall surrounding and spaced from saidperforated wall forming an air space for supply of air to saidperforations, and said upright wall having an inner surface of highlyheat reflecting material to reflect heat back toward the perforatedwall.

5. ma combustion apparatus an oil burner comprising a pot closed at thebottom and hav- 4 ing a perforated side wall, meansfor supplying liquidfuel to the bottom of the pot, an outer upright wall spaced from theperforated wall forming an air supply passage to the perforations, theinner surface of said outer wall-being.

a bright highly heat reflecting surface, a baille plate spaced below thebottom wall of the pot,

and said plate having a bright highlyheat re flecting surface toward thebottom of the pot.

s. In an oil burner, a wick chamber and awick' I in the chamber, meansfor supplying oil to the oil burners to reflect the heat back into theflame lower part thereof, means, for feeding air to the vaporized oil,and an upright wall surrounding said chamber having a bright highly heatreflecting surface toward said chamber to reflect wick, a baiilesurrounding the wick chamber and forming a passage for airto the'chamberat'the top of the wick, and a shell surrounding the chamber and baffleand extending above the same, said shell having a bright highly heatreflecting surfaceon its inner wall to reflect heat back into the wickchamber and the space above this chamber. I

7. In an oil burner, a pair of spaced perforated shells forming acombustion chamber between them, means at the lower part of this chamberfor supplying oil for vaporization therein, a casing surrounding theouter shell and spaced therefrom, there being passages for supply of airto the space within the inner shell and the space between the casing andthe outer shell, and the inner surface of the casing being of highlyheat reflecting material'to reflect the heat back toward the perforatedshells.

8. In -a combustion apparatus an oil burner comprising a pair of spacedperforated shells a large amount of heat back toward the chamber at thezone of combustion.

2. Combustionapparatus of the character described comprising a burnerchamber having an plying oil to the lower part of said chamber to bevaporized therein, means for supplying air to the vaporized oil forcombustion thereof, and an upright wall surroundingand spaced from thefirst wall forming a passage. for supply of air to support combustionand having a bright highly heat reflecting surface toward said chamberand arranged to reflect a large amount of heat back upright surrounding'side wall, means for supforming a combustion space between them, meansfor supplying liquid fuel to the lower part of this space forvaporization therein, a casing surrounding the outer shell and spacedtherefrom to form an air passage, a drum within the inner shell andspaced from this shell, to form an air passage, and the inner surface ofthe casing and the outer surface of the drum beingjof bright highly heatreflecting material to reflect the heat back into the shells.

9. Ina combustion apparatus of the character described, an oil burnercomprising a burner chamber having aperforated upright side wall, meansfor supplying oil to said chamber to be vaporized therein, an uprightwall surrounding and spaced fromthe perforated side wall forming an airspace for supplying air to said perforations for-supply of air to thevaporized oil for -combustion thereof, and said second wall having abright highly heat reflecting surface toward 4 aaaacea said perforatedwall arranged to reflect heat back toward the perforated wall.

10. In a combustion apparatus, an oil burner having a combustion spaceand an upright wall around said space providing means for supplying airto said space for combustion of vaporized'oil therein, means forsupplying oil to said space to be vaporized therein, an upright wallsurrounding I the first wall and forming therewith an air passage forsupply of air for combustion, and said second mentioned upright wallhaving aninner surface of bright highly heat reflecting material toreflect heat back toward the combustion space.

HENRY HORTON SAUNDERS.

